The problem
Battery demand is growing exponentially. By 2030, electricity consumption will increase by 30x, while battery adoption will grow by 11x.
And yet the design and fundamental principles of batteries have hardly changed since the birth of lead batteries in the mid 1800s. Even with the introduction of lithium-ion batteries, any advancements have been marginal.
For one, lithium batteries have a negative impact on the environment, contributing to hazardous waste and material shortages. Production of lithium batteries emits around 73 kg CO2-equivalent per kWh. On top of this, the vast majority cannot be recycled due to complexity, time consumption, and low return on investment.
In sum, this has meant that current energy storage solutions are both costly and highly inefficient.